Overview:
Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) combines the use of FDA-approved medications with counseling and behavioral therapies to treat substance use disorders (SUD). This holistic approach is particularly effective for opioid and alcohol use disorders. In a Native American community on the Spokane Indian Reservation, MAT is tailored to respect cultural values and integrate traditional healing practices, offering a comprehensive pathway to recovery.
Benefits of MAT:
– Holistic Approach: MAT addresses the physical, emotional, and behavioral aspects of addiction.
– Reduced Cravings and Withdrawal Symptoms: Medications help manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms, making it easier for individuals to focus on their recovery.
– Improved Treatment Retention: Combining medication with counseling and support increases the likelihood of sustained recovery.
– Decreased Risk of Relapse: MAT reduces the risk of relapse by stabilizing brain chemistry and supporting behavioral change.
Medications Used in MAT:
- Methadone:
– Benefits:
– Reduces opioid cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
– Blocks the euphoric effects of opioids.
– Long-acting medication, typically taken once daily.
– Risks:
– Potential for misuse and dependence.
– Side effects may include constipation, drowsiness, and respiratory depression.
– Requires daily visits to a certified clinic, which can be challenging in rural areas.
- Buprenorphine (Suboxone, Subutex):
– Benefits:
– Reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
– Lower potential for misuse compared to methadone.
– Can be prescribed by
certified healthcare providers and taken at home, increasing accessibility.
– Risks:
– Potential for misuse, although less than methadone.
– Side effects may include headache, nausea, and insomnia.
– Requires careful monitoring to ensure proper dosage and minimize risks.
- Naltrexone (Vivitrol):
– Benefits:
– Blocks the euphoric effects of opioids and alcohol, reducing the incentive to use.
– Non-addictive and no potential for misuse.
– Available as a monthly injection (Vivitrol) or daily pill.
– Risks:
– Requires complete detoxification before starting, which can be challenging.
– Side effects may include nausea, headache, and fatigue.
– Individuals must be committed to regular follow-ups for injections.
- Disulfiram (Antabuse) for Alcohol Use Disorder:
– Benefits:
– Creates an aversive reaction to alcohol, discouraging use.
– Supports abstinence by reinforcing negative effects when alcohol is consumed.
– Risks:
– Potential for severe reactions if alcohol is consumed, including nausea, vomiting, and cardiovascular complications.
– Side effects may include drowsiness, headache, and metallic taste.
– Requires strong commitment and compliance to avoid accidental alcohol intake.
- Acamprosate (Campral) for Alcohol Use Disorder:
– Benefits:
– Helps maintain abstinence by stabilizing brain chemistry.
– Reduces cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
– Risks:
– Requires adherence to a three-times-daily dosing schedule.
– Side effects may include diarrhea, anxiety, and insomnia.
– Not effective for individuals who are still drinking when starting the medication.
Integrating MAT in a Native American Community:
Cultural Sensitivity and Respect:
– Incorporating Traditions: Integrate traditional healing practices, such as talking circles, sweat lodges, and spiritual guidance, alongside MAT. This holistic approach aligns with cultural values and promotes overall wellbeing.
– Community Involvement: Engage tribal leaders, elders, and community members in the design and implementation of MAT programs to ensure they are culturally appropriate and supported.
Accessible and Supportive Care:
– Local Healthcare Providers: Train and certify local healthcare providers to prescribe and monitor MAT, ensuring accessibility within the community.
– Transportation Solutions: Address transportation challenges in rural areas by offering mobile clinics or telehealth services for follow-up appointments and support.
Education and Awareness:
– Community Education: Conduct educational sessions to inform the community about the benefits and risks of MAT, reducing stigma and encouraging acceptance.
– Family Involvement: Involve family members in the treatment process to provide additional support and reinforce recovery efforts.
Conclusion:
Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) offers a comprehensive and effective approach to treating substance use disorders in the Native American community on the Spokane Indian Reservation. By combining FDA-approved medications with culturally sensitive counseling and support, MAT addresses the multifaceted nature of addiction. Integrating traditional practices, ensuring accessibility, and fostering community involvement are key to the success of MAT in promoting long-term recovery and overall wellbeing.
Back to Top